Abstract
Oxygen (O2) exhibits unique therapeutic applications in clinic, and varieties of O2 delivery platforms have been developed recent years. Microbial carriers, such as photosynthetic bacteria and microalgae, have also been applied in delivering O2, due to its inherent O2 generation ability under external light stimulation. In addition, these carriers could endow O2 with prolonged effective time and enhanced O2 concentration at therapeutic sites. However, microbial carriers are foreign to the body to some extent and would elicit the host's immune response. There is also another challenge lying in their limited light excited O2 production and duration due to limited survival time of microorganisms. Therefore, it is quite necessary to construct microbial biohybrids based O2 delivery systems through pharmaceutical decorations on the microbial carriers. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of the latest technological advancement in microbial biohybrids based O2 delivery systems and systematically summarized innovative strategies aimed at constructing delivery systems through physical encapsulation, surface modification, and co-delivery with other therapeutics. Finally, we provided a concise perspective on future research directions in designing microbial biohybrids based delivery systems for O2 and tried to provide references for the design and clinical translation in the future.